Leadership Technology

Much ado about something

Digital India bill should democratize information highways, digital ecosystem, address stakeholders concerns & not limit benefits to a big few Prachi Mishra In a few days from now, Narendra Modi government is likely to come up with first draft of the much-awaited Digital India Bill. If one were to go by officials, the bill is intended at strengthening information technology, security and information infrastructure in India. The Bill, when finally adopted by Parliament and enacted, will complement the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 and Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022. In last two decades, after IT Act, 2000 became operative there have been astronomical developments in technological innovation. To keep pace with these innovations, the act’s regulatory framework was amended. The IT Act Amendment of 2008 and IT Rules 2011 were rolled out to define cyberspace and provided ground for handling of digital activities in India. But, the Act was inadequate to address present-day concerns of cyber security, crime and do justice to privacy concerns of Indian people. Emergence of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Quantum technologies, Metaverse, Big Data, Block chain, etc has thrown up new challenges in the regulatory framework. Given the limitations within the existing IT Act, a separate act has been in the work for a few months to address the growing digital and cyber demands of Indian people. In this backdrop, India’s economic interests can be furthered when the technological development and innovation apart from related regulatory framework is aligned. With growing penetration of digital technologies and increasing vulnerabilities of cyberspace, there is a need to ensure India’s national security was primacy. Reportedly, Digital India Bill, 2023 is intended at catering to India’s rising aspirations and become a catalyst in her growth and development while upholding people’s fundamental rights and country’s security concerns. Given the delicate balance that needs to be achieved through the new framework, the expectations from various stakeholders may have to be enlisted. Firstly, the Bill may have to address ethical concerns that are emerging as a consequence of disruptive technologies. Technological development will have to be seen as being morally correct, legitimate, and ethical. For instance, India should be able to address and counter adverse impact of artificial intelligence like deep fakes and misinformation. The new framework may evolve a robust and holistic mechanism to address issues related to cyber security. In 2022, as per CERT-in data, there were over 1.39 million cyber-attacks on India. This roughly over 253 per cent more than suck attacks reported for 2018. Hence, the Bill should put in mechanisms to resolve high volume and velocity of these cyber-attacks seen across sector, be it finance, banking, security establishment to political theatre. Also, with highly disruptive Quantum technologies round the corner, the Bill must suggest ways to ensure cyber security in the new environment. The proposed bill may have to find solution to tackle the manifold rise in misinformation, hateful content and fake news that’s become the new normal in India. In last couple of years, big technology firms like Facebook and Twitter have been at loggerheads with the government on dealing with mis-formation on their respective platforms. The Bill will have to reflect a possible consensus of all stakeholders on dealing with misinformation, disinformation and fake news that’s rampant. The bill’s provisions should be aligned with innovation. At present, India’s patent tally is dismal and most technology is imported from the Western countries. Be it hardware or software, India’s patents fall behind big time. The Bill should give impetus and incentivize innovation in digital technologies. Additionally, it should augur well for all the stakeholders of digital ecosystem and not restrict the benefits disproportionately to a handful tech firms. The new dispensation may have to address issues like liability, accountability, and ownership of data and its usage. Of late, there have been cases where social unrest resulted in violence and arson because content guidelines for these platforms were amiss. Or, even the existing norms were violated. The Digital India Bill, 2023 will be discussed at a time when India has moved many notches above in many different fields of technological and digital innovation. Being home to 113 unicorns and third largest start-up economy, India’s innovation ecosystem is booming like never before. Also, with the Semiconductor Mission, the strong impetus on adopting digital technologies, and the National Quantum Mission in place, India is bound to grow steadily in the coming years. Stakeholders expect the bill to empower them, democratize the information high way and digital ecosystem, aid other relevant economic policies. India should ensure that all voices of the entire stakeholder ecosystem are heard and it is enacted in time. (Author is Research Consultant at Centre for Integrated & Holistic Studies, New Delhi based non-partisan think tank)

Business Leadership Policy Technology

621

Basking under the Sun!

India to hit a hat-trick as fastest growing economy, unparalleled transformation in nine years, per capita incomes to be $ 5200 by 2032. K.A.Badarinath For second year in continuum, India is the fastest growing economy globally with impressive 9.1 per cent and 7.2 per cent clocked in 2021-22 and 2022-23 respectively. Even with projected 6.5 per cent GDP growth for this fiscal ending March 31, 2024, India will top the global sweepstakes and hit a hat-trick. This means the moon for an economy that’s home to world’s largest population at 1.4 billion, an expanding aspirational class and the middle-income families that continue to move upward in the consumption and investment chain. From investors’ point of view, both domestic and foreign players would make merry given the healthy uptick in demand for goods and services within the country. This is significant as Germany has slipped into recession, top economies in Europe are on a downslide and the US continues to struggle out of a whopping $ 31.4 trillion debt crisis. The tentative deal between democratic White House and Republicans do not mean much given that President Joe Biden is in a tight corner. Prolonged war in Eastern Europe getting worse and Kiev’s drones hitting Moscow’s metropolis send out two firm signals. One, the shadow-boxing by big boys with Russia and Ukraine playing front foot continues to adversely impact geo-political and economic matrix. Secondly, there seems to be no abrupt end to this long drawn conflict notwithstanding peace overtures made by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Its impact is bound to be significantly felt as the global growth figures are expected to trim to 2.8 per cent in 2023 as against 3.4 per cent a year before. In the melee, Indian stock markets being valued fifth largest globally at $ 3.3 trillion after US, China, Japan and Hong Kong is something that one can rejoice about. It only indicates the investment appetite of both foreign players and domestic retailers that yearn to dip into the famed India growth story that’s only getting meatier by the day. Also, the confidence that investors repose in our regulator, Securities Exchange Board of India to run the show with zero payment defaults apart from strong and stable central government that commands huge credibility politically and with economic stakeholders. Three prime numbers that stand out are services, exports and agriculture sectors contribution to healthy GDP growth beating doomsayers’ diatribe on economic mismanagement. Secondly, front loading capital expenses and big private consumption has fuelled the Indian economy. Gross fixed capital formation at 11.4 per cent was highest in over a decade and its share in GDP accounting for 34 per cent. Private consumption rose by 7.5 per cent and its share was highest at 58.5 per cent. Most important signal in the macro-economic numbers was the confidence within the economic managers of Modi government that inflation can be contained to four per cent going forward. Unexpectedly healthy GDP numbers have special significance for Indian government led by Prime Minister Modi who has led from the front in last nine years. This bears out in the American financial services Morgan Stanley’s report released on Wednesday on nine years ‘transformation’ heralded by team Modi. Reforms undertaken across sectors in last nine years including governance laid the foundation for enhancing the per capita income to $ 5200 by 2031-32 from $ 2200 reported in 2021. And, over 46 per cent households would earn anything between $ 10,000 – 35,000, nearly double the proportion in 2021. Most important is that capital expenditure and fixed capital formation is expected to grow exponentially as percentage of GDP and share of Indian exports double to 4.5 per cent by 2031. As pointed out by government’s economy managers, scams and corrupt deals that marked 2004-14 decade are a thing of the past. From lost decade to performing and transformative ten years is what even Morgan Stanley seems to have surmised in its detailed report. Fourteen quarters of runaway inflation and 12 quarters of decline in economic growth and industrial production during 2004-14, pre-Modi era stands out as it culminated to virtual financial collapse that was triggered by the housing bubble burst in US that burnt the world with its contagion effect. Change is order of the day and India has arrived leaving behind the dark days! (author is Director & Chief Executive of Centre for Integrated & Holistic Studies, a Delhi based non-partisan think tank)

Disinformation Fact Sheet Hindus Human Rights Misinformation

648

Manipur’s unrelenting violence

Stakeholders’ consultation, inclusive development strategies, building cohesive communities under rule of law is the only way out. Recent unrelenting violence, loss of lives and property in India’s north eastern state of Manipur has brought to fore the fragile fabric, non-state actors that are at work with divisive agendas. Over the last few decades, ethnic clashes among many tribes and differences between Hindus, Christians and Muslims have created instability in the state.

Geopolitics Human Rights Security World

634

Jinnah’s Islamic Republic on verge of collapse

Lack of strong institutions in Pakistan, competing factional agendas, rampant corruption, Islamist terror, anti-India proclivity poses serious threat Rahul Pawa It’s a moment that will forever be etched in annals of history for chaos and audacity colliding in grim display. Imran Khan, chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and the country’s former Prime Minister was held by the collar. Defying established norms, Pakistan Army rangers forcefully dragged him out of Islamabad High Court in the midst of hearing in Al-Qadir Trust case. Public humiliation of Imran Khan is culmination of over 100 cases filed against him across the country. In this particular case, Imran faced charges of swindling a staggering 190 million British pounds. The ugly incident in court premises unfolded after Pakistan Army’s inter-services public relations issued a stern warning to Khan. The army’s Inter-services wing held him responsible for “highly irresponsible” and “baseless” allegations against a senior Pakistan intelligence and military officer. Imran had relentlessly accused Major General Faisal Naseer, whom he derogatorily labeled as “Dirty Harry,” for having orchestrated a plot to assassinate him. Imran had shaped the narrative fostering perception that this ISI officer was involved in foiled assassination attempt against him by a suspected “lone wolf” in November, a year before. The day he was arrested and handed over to Pakistan’s National Accountability Bureau (NAB), Khan made the controversial remarks just before heading to an Islamabad court. He had likened the country’s army to a “holy cow” suggesting that the institution considers itself “above the law,” accusing Pakistan Army and ISI of conspiring to assassinate him. His arrest triggered a series of events leading to widespread violent protests in major cities and townships across Pakistan. Supporters and workers of PTI took to streets venting out their anger against the arrest of Imran Khan. Visuals of tear gas, bloodshed, and violence continuously poured in via social media before the Pakistani establishment initiated Internet blackouts to curb violent protests and military brutality that claimed 40 lives. This marked a significant moment in Pakistan’s 75-years history after the British rulers partitioned India. In unabated violence, Pakistani civilians had dared to attack the Pakistan Army General Headquarters (GHQ) in Rawalpindi which housed the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan’s foreign intelligence agency. The GHQ, being the stronghold of Pakistan’s military elite, had never imagined such a bold act from within the country. The protests took a violent turn, leading to destruction of Jinnah’s house in Lahore that now serves as the Corps Commander House. Additionally, cantonments throughout the country were targeted, looted, and vandalized. Pakistanis who welcomed Army coups to ‘save the country’ from corrupt politicians came under intense attack. In this long chain of events, Imran’s ability to deftly shape public opinion demolished the long-established perception about Pakistan Army and its deep state in shaping the political landscape, particularly the country’s conventional power dynamics. Imran’s success was possible after presenting himself as a symbol of honesty, religiosity, and righteousness thereby undermining the Pakistani Army and its deep state. Khan, a former cricket star who transitioned to an Islamist politician faced a no-confidence vote in Parliament last year leading to his removal from office. He strongly argued that his removal was both illegal and part of a larger Western conspiracy. Once regarded as a favourite of the Pakistan Army, Khan has now become a bone of contention for them. There is a widely held belief propagated by Imran and the PTI that the army backed a corrupt and ineffective government led by Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) unjustly sidelining Imran. PDM has been accused of electoral fraud and failing to address significant inflation which actually took roots during PTM rule in Pakistan. Additionally, Imran propagated the idea that the government deliberately avoided holding elections as per usual procedures, out of fear of a potential victory for his party, the PTM. These circumstances, along with Imran’s cultivated image as a staunch patriot of Pakistan, have bolstered his popularity and caused a dramatic shift in public sentiment in his favour. This challenges the traditional influence and absolute control of Pakistan Army over public sentiment and key narratives, resulting in a significant setback for them. This also shatters the long-held belief that the army holds “absolute power” in Pakistan. Traditionally, nation-states have played a crucial role in promoting the well-being of their citizens and advancing national goals and values through people’s participation and institutional reforms. Recent protests led by Imran Khan defied these principles of national progress and reconstruction. Instead of being rooted in meaningful reforms, these protests relied heavily on Imran’s personal popularity, political maneuvering, inflammatory rhetoric, and divisive tactics that pushed a nation already grappling with extreme inflation closer to the brink of civil war. Notably, despite facing serious corruption charges for reported deals clinched during his tenure as Prime Minister, Imran was able to amass excessive power, reminiscent of the rise of dictators such as Adolf Hitler in 1940s Germany. The entire country appeared to be held hostage by Imran and his supporters leading to street battles and chaos that not only posed a threat to civil order but pressured the country’s judiciary and public institutions. These protests, violence and death undermined the independence of these institutions and eroded their salient fabric and credibility. As a consequence, both Imran and his wife got unprecedented blanket bails from a judiciary that seemed unfair and compromised. Meanwhile, the elected government in Senate assumed a passive role, media faced censorship, military engaged in rights violations and the country’s executive seeking refuge from the turmoil. These developments exposed Pakistani state fragility, highlighted vulnerability to individual influence and the lack of a foundation in the country’s institutions essential for a strong nation. This is also hallmark of a nation destined to fail. On the other hand, betrayed by Imran, Pakistan Army showcased its true nature as an unprofessional security establishment, violated norms, rules, and regulations of a civilized society. The Army detained, arrested, and attacked its own people resulting in loss of 40 lives

Leadership Media

688

Sceptre symbolizes cultural & civilizational unity

Dharmic rule is what Sengol signifies in New Parliament, its many notches above petty political bickering to score brownie points C.R.Kesavan On January 18, 1927, when the current Parliament building was inaugurated by Viceroy Lord Irwin, the ceremony was bereft of any vestige of Indian culture or “parampara”. In a stark but welcome contrast, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi inauguration of the new Parliament building it was a festive occasion where our timeless traditions and civilisational heritage will be honoured and celebrated. During this historic occasion of the inauguration of the new building, the sceptre, or “sengol” as it is termed in Tamil, will be installed in the sacred edifice of our democracy by PM Modi. The sceptre has a history. As the dawn of Independence neared, then Viceroy Louis Mountbatten asked Jawaharlal Nehru how he wished to signify Britain’s transfer of power to India. When Nehru turned to C Rajagopalachari for advice, the latter advised that the historic Indic civilisational tradition in southern kingdoms, where the high priest of the state hands over the ceremonial sengol to the new king signifying transfer of power, could be followed. Rajaji’s suggestion that the power transfer could be denoted by the British viceroy handing over the sceptre to the incoming Prime Minister was welcomed and agreed upon. Rajaji then requested Sri Ambalavana Desika Swamigal, the then pontiff of Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam (a Shaivite monastery in Tamil Nadu) to take up the responsibility of designing the sceptre. The seer commissioned a lapidary in Madras to make the sceptre. It was made of silver with gold coating adorned by the Nandi on top, symbolising strength and truth. On August 14, 1947, a delegation comprising Sri Kumaraswamy Thambiran (representative of the seer), Manickam Odhuvaar (the priest who would recite the prayer) and the nadaswaram vidwan, T N Rajarathinam Pillai, went to Delhi. A few minutes before midnight on the eve of Independence, alongside the dulcet sound of the nadaswaram, the priest chanted “Kolaru pathigam” from “Thevaram”, devotional hymns composed in praise of Lord Shiva about 1,300 years ago by Shaivite saint Thirugnana Sambandar. When the final verses, “Adiyargal vaanil arasalvar aanai namathe” (“We command that His Humbleness shall rule the heavens”) were recited, Sri Kumaraswamy Thambiran received the sceptre from Lord Mountbatten and sprinkled it with ganga jal (holy water) and handed over the sceptre to Nehru, symbolising transfer of power. While most Indians are familiar with the Tryst with Destiny speech, the momentous occurrence of handing over the sengol has largely gone unnoticed in the annals of our glorious history. After the transfer of power in 1947, this sacred sengol was relegated to sheer oblivion in a museum in Allahabad labelled as “Golden Walking Stick Gifted to Pt Jawaharlal Nehru”. The “Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav”, ushered in by the government to mark 75 years of Independence, has ensured that unsung heroes and heroines and untold milestones get the respect that they deserve. The Kashi Tamil Sangamam clearly invoked the unity between the north and the south while the Madhavpur Mela demonstrated the concord between Gujarat in the west to the Mishmi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh in the east. Similarly, this tale of the sengol lucidly illustrates the innate civilisational connect and commonality of our great country from time immemorial. The Prime Minister has always been an ebullient votary of harnessing technology and modernity while being firmly rooted in drawing inspiration from our rich spiritual and cultural heritage. The new Parliament, equipped with cutting-edge technology along with this sacred sceptre, will bear testimony to the Prime Minister’s inclusive vision of India. The word sengol in Tamil is derived from the word semmai denoting righteousness. The recipient of the sengol is supposed to have the command to rule fairly and justly. The timeless treasure trove of wisdom, the Thirukkural has an entire chapter — The Right Sceptre — comprising 10 couplets. Couplet 546 says, “Not lance gives kings the victory/ But sceptre swayed with equity”. It is indeed fitting that our Prime Minister will be installing this sacred sceptre in its rightful place behind the Speaker’s chair in the Lok Sabha. From this position, in the temple of our democracy, this sengol will eternally symbolise the rule of dharma, the civilisational core by which our great nation is governed. (Author was a former member of Prasar Bharati Board. This article was first published in Indian Express)

Disinformation Hindus Misinformation Security

699

Bad actors, bad for the world

Websites like Hindu Profiles that peddle hate, target individuals and organizations Hitler style should be regulated, taken down Prachi Mishra A dubious website christened as ‘Hindutva Profiles’ has targeted India’s 148 key social and political leaders for attacks by hatemongers and Hinduphobes. Yoga guru Ramadev, retired major general G.D. Bakshi to Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Anurag Thakur figure prominently on the website’s ‘hit list’. These socio-political leaders have been targeted by anti-India, anti-RSS, and anti-Hindu agencies with global linkages that are running the website. Apart from issuing a ‘hit list’, Hindutva Profiles has taken recourse to spread of false propaganda against these leaders. The website claimed that RSS founders and key leaders of Hindutva forces sought inspiration from Nazi Germany and Mussolini’s fascist regime. But, the list in itself resembles a hit list as was common in Hitler’s regime. During Nazi Germany, the term ‘hit list’ typically referred to lists compiled by Nazi regime to target individuals or groups considered enemies or threats to their ideology. Nazi German lists were primarily used to identify and track political opponents, dissidents, Jews, and persecuted groups. The Nazi regime employed a systematic approach to identifying, locating, and persecuting those individuals and groups they deemed undesirable. Additionally, the Nazis created lists to target political opponents, such as members of resistance groups, communists, socialists, trade unionists, and other dissidents. These individuals were often arrested, imprisoned, and subjected to torture or execution. Use of hit lists was part of Nazis broader system of persecution, which included propaganda, surveillance, imprisonment, forced labour and genocide. And, by targeting RSS and BJP leaders, the website precisely serves the same purpose. Fig.1. Logo of website, Hindutva Profiles and its malignant tagline. Source: Hindutva Profiles Fig.2. Misinformation spread about Hindutva and its origins. Nazi-RSS-Mussolini connect has been falsely interpreted here. Source: Hindutva Profiles. The advent of technology has revolutionised our communication and information-sharing processes. While technology has brought significant advancements, it has also presented challenges in addressing rise of anti-Hindu sentiments and online hate speech. One disturbing manifestation of this issue is the existence of such websites that gained notoriety for promoting anti-Hindu sentiments and even managing and circulating this D-Day list. The website also has a page dedicated to the genesis of RSS and its affiliates. The information presented on the page is not only factually manipulated but laden with misinformation. If corrective measures were not rolled out in time, these individuals could be at threat from terrorist organisations and anti-India, anti-Hindu forces. To combat online hate speech, it is imperative for internet users, communities, and online platforms to come together. Reporting mechanisms, both within the websites and through external channels, are essential in flagging and addressing offensive content. Hindutva profiles just one among several such hate mongers. Hence, governments and legal entities should play a key role in implementing and enforcing laws that regulate hate speech on internet, ensuring that those who propagate hate are held accountable for their actions. To ensure security and safety of individuals, governments all over the world and their relevant agencies should filter content and impose a blanket ban on such websites. Fight against anti-Hindu sentiment and online hate speech requires a multifaceted approach. Online platforms must take responsibility for monitoring and removing hate speech, take measures to prevent their platforms from becoming breeding grounds for discrimination and persecution. (author is contributing research consultant, Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies, New Delhi based non-partisan think tank)

Geopolitics Leadership

681

Naya Kashmir shines bright on global stage

Tourism, infrastructure development, rich cultural heritage, progress, inclusive growth, transformation & positive change defines ‘nature’s bowl’ Rahul Pawa The third G20 tourism working group meeting is currently underway in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), capturing global attention as it showcases India’s rich cultural identity and vast tourism potential. This three-day event focuses on promoting sustainable and eco-friendly tourism, with the aim of driving economic growth, preserving cultural heritage, and fostering sustainable development in the region. Amidst the captivating sights of unprecedented development and delightful interaction between the people of Jammu and Kashmir and G20 delegates, certain entities and individuals persist in propagating an unfounded belief that J&K is engulfed in perpetual suffering. However, the reality on the ground reveals a different story. J&K is currently hosting its first grand international event since 2019 after it was designated a Union Territory (UT) following amendment to Article 370 of the Indian constitution. This amendment empowered residents of Jammu and Kashmir, as well as Ladakh, with the same rights enshrined in the Constitution of India and the benefits of central laws enjoyed by citizens across the country. Hosting of this historic international event by Jammu and Kashmir stands as testimony to region’s progress and newfound stability. It showcases the region’s intrinsic, inclusive, and vibrant nature, highlighting its rich cultural heritage, tourism potential, and commitment to sustainable development. As international delegates participate in this event, they witness firsthand the positive impact of the constitutional amendment, dispelling lingering misconceptions and emphasizing the region’s journey towards a more prosperous and harmonious future. Furthermore, this event goes beyond mere tourism promotion. It also places emphasis on creating employment opportunities, developing infrastructure, fostering interdepartmental coordination, and ensuring government’s accountability to the people of Kashmir. Through targeted initiatives and collaborations, the event aims to spur growth, thereby contributing to overall socio-economic progress of the region. The event places strong emphasis on infrastructure development, recognising its significance in facilitating seamless travel experiences, enhancing connectivity, and providing essential amenities for both tourists and residents. The focus is on building robust and sustainable infrastructure that supports the growth of the tourism industry while also benefiting the local communities. Additionally, the event seeks to foster interdepartmental coordination, recognising that effective collaboration among various government departments is essential for the successful implementation of policies and initiatives. By promoting synergy and communication between different entities, the event aims to streamline processes, enhance efficiency, and ensure the optimal utilisation of resources for the development of the tourism sector and related industries. Furthermore, the event underscores the importance of government accountability to the people of Kashmir. It aims to create a transparent and responsive governance framework, where the needs and aspirations of the local population are prioritised. Through open dialogue and consultations, the event seeks to ensure that the government remains accountable to its citizens, fostering trust and strengthening the bond between the authorities and the people they serve. Most importantly, this event goes above and beyond conventional tourism promotion by encompassing a multifaceted approach that reflects a holistic vision for the sustainable and inclusive development of Jammu and Kashmir. It aims to ensure that its people and communities thrive in a conducive environment, where their well-being and aspirations are at the forefront of the region’s growth and progress. Regrettably, there are individuals who persist in their unwillingness to acknowledge the positive transformations taking place in Jammu and Kashmir. However, their efforts are likely to falter when confronted with the prevailing reality on the ground. The G20 event in Kashmir, aptly named ‘Naya Kashmir’ (New Kashmir), stands as a powerful symbol that uplifts the spirits of the local population and sheds light on the remarkable progress achieved in the region. It serves as a testament to the unwavering resilience and determination of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, who have embraced progress and growth as a means to overcome the challenges posed by terrorism and pave the way for a more prosperous and harmonious future. The success of the G20 event in Kashmir extends beyond its ability to showcase the true essence of Jammu and Kashmir; it also lies in its capacity to dispel the unfounded beliefs and narratives perpetuated by a few. This event uplifts the spirits of the local population, instilling within them a profound sense of pride and optimism. Despite the persistence of challenges and the dissemination of misinformation by certain individuals, the G20 event in Kashmir stands as a shining example of the transformative power inherent in positive change. Ultimately, the G20 event in Kashmir serves not only as a celebration of India’s rich cultural identity and the immense tourism potential of the region, but also as a platform to showcase the indomitable spirit, resilience, and unwavering determination of the people of Jammu and Kashmir. It sends a resounding message that J&K is not a region condemned to perpetual suffering, but rather a land brimming with opportunities and possibilities waiting to be realised. (author is an international criminal lawyer and director of research at New Delhi based think tank Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies)

Fact Sheet Judiciary World

636

Same Sex marriages: a zillionth question

A five-judge Constitution Bench headed by Chief Justice DY Chandrachud comprising Justices SK Kaul, SR Bhat, Hima Kohli, and PS Narasimha, reserved its judgment on May 11, 2023. This followed a rigorous ten-day session during which senior advocates AM Singhvi, Raju Ramachandran, KV Viswanathan, Anand Grover, and Saurabh Kirpal presented their arguments on behalf of the petitioners. On the other side, Attorney General R Venkataramani, Solicitor General Tushar Mehta represented the Centre, and senior counsel Kapil Sibal appeared for Jamiat-Ulama-i- Hind. India is widely recognised for its profound socio-religious diversity, which constitutes a mosaic of various belief systems. Marriage in India holds significant social and ritualistic importance, traditionally viewed as a union between a man and a woman. Serving as a crucial component of every individual’s life, marriage has been instrumental in the propagation of future generations, making it a fundamental institution of human society throughout history.

Economy Geopolitics Leadership World

645

Nature’s bowl rolls out red carpet

The G-20 meet may herald a new era for Jammu and Kashmir and bolster its engagement with the international community. Manoj Sinha Third G-20 tourism working group meeting being held in Srinagar over next two days will be a defining moment for Jammu and Kashmir. The multilateral G-20 meet will provide an occasion to host and engage with the international community and offer a window to the world to see this nature’s bowl and a land of opportunities through visiting G20 delegates’ experiences when they return to their respective countries. The mist around Jammu & Kashmir formed due to unrelenting peddling of misinformation will also settle down eventually. The G-20 meet will lend fresh energy and enthusiasm to work towards a new Jammu & Kashmir that is ancient in its wisdom, modern in growth, and rich in its diversities. Transcending history of Jammu & Kashmir demonstrates the unimaginable outcomes that visionary and committed leadership in conjunction with mass effort can deliver. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s decision to select the Union Territory as venue for the crucial global meet ignoring opposition from some international quarters reflects a confidence change. Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir, as far as I remember never hosted any multilateral meet of this sort in recent past. India, under leadership of Prime Minister Modi, has shown it’s willing to take a tough stand against interference by any foreign nation or nations in its domestic affairs. We want peace but not at the cost of our unity and integrity. I would not like to drag here futile attempts to manufacture a diplomatic row by a few. Still, the move to disrupt G-20 meeting does not surprise us. Acceptance of Srinagar as venue for meeting by G-20 countries – representing twenty of the biggest economies which together carry 75 per cent global trade, hold 80 per cent global GDP and represent 60 per cent of global population is a setback to adversaries. Jammu & Kashmir people are looking for development and their share in socio-economic transformation in the slowly enveloping Union Territory. Change in Jammu & Kashmir is irreversible. This is not only because we in the administration are committed to confronting untouched challenges and don’t shy away from out-of-the-box solutions for people’s welfare but also because the people have smelt aroma of functional democracy. They dread the mere thought of the past striking back. And that’s defining and motivating for us. Terrorists from across the border have lost local support. Strengthening of grassroots democracy through successful panchayat and urban local bodies elections and responsive delivery mechanism have nurtured hope for a sustained relationship between the people and the administration, which I think, is the harbinger of a new social order. Jammu & Kashmir now wears the crown of Incredible India. Tourism drives the economy that aggregates associated industries such as hospitality and brings jobs. It trickles into people’s earnings and improves their standards of living. Declaration of tourism in Jammu & Kashmir as an industry along with accompanying factors is attracting massive investment. After a long pause of almost four decades, we have revived relationship with Bollywood and launched a film policy in 2021 to attract more investment and to make union territory the most popular film shooting destination. Last year alone, more than 300 movies were filmed in the region which is a sign of peace and prosperity. Tourism contributed seven per cent to the region’s Gross Domestic Product last fiscal. About 18.8 million tourists visited Jammu & Kashmir last year and much of it is due to improved law and order situation and people-friendly policies. We partner with, rather than dictate to, people in tourism sector through our policy initiatives such as homestays and 300 new destinations to ensure that visitors go beyond age-old venues to explore the unexplored Elysian beauty that Jammu & Kashmir offers. In the process, more local communities get enriched and empowered. Prime Minister has reshaped the policy that enables all sections of society to actively participate in Jammu & Kashmir’s growth and gains are more equitably distributed to bring qualitative change in the life of people. The youth no longer finds destructive rhetoric attractive. Young men and women with big dreams are now more ambitious, more aware and working hard to realise their aspirations. Transparent and accountable governance has brought transformational change in the speed and scale of project execution. Our speed to complete the project has gone up by ten times. In 2018, 9229 projects were completed whereas 92,560 projects were completed in financial year 2022-23. In last four years, we have registered 770,000 new entrepreneurs through self-employment schemes which mean that around 527 young people started their entrepreneurial journey per day. These figures are impressive but they do not fully capture the quiet transformation that is taking place at the level of women-led enterprises in the villages. More than 600,000 women entrepreneurs, through self-help groups are reaching global scale in quality and output. Recruitment in government jobs is happening only on merit and through transparent ways to get rid of the culture of backdoor appointments that were the norm during previous regimes. Since 2019, more than 28,467 appointments have been made. Further, out of 12,000 vacancies identified in 2023, 6,000 are under process for referral. In a very short span of time, we are advancing towards building a digital society. We are offering more than 450 public services online. G-20 is a tribute to the people’s willingness to come out of the trap of violence engineered by an immediate neighbour. The G-20 meeting is also a symbol of resurgent India. (Author is Lieutenant Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. Views expressed are personal. This write up was first published in Hindustan Times)

Geopolitics Leadership

701

Kashmir on way to new vistas

G-20 summit next week will showcase India’s commitment to transform the valley into cradle of human peace, tourism and economic activity Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida showcased Hiroshima as harbinger of peace, fulcrum of development and civilizational connect by hosting G-7 summit. This high level global engagement happened 77-years after it was devastated by atomic bombs detonated by United States on August 6 and 9 in 1945 killing about 226,000 civilians. Change and makeover is law of life. And, Kashmir aligns perfectly well in India’s decision host the G-20 tourism working group next week in Srinagar. This provides perfect opportunity for India to showcase development, democratic transition, peace and tranquility brought to the paradise on earth in less than a decade. The decision to take G-20 to Kashmir may not be palatable to India’s adversaries that rake up non-issues. Showcasing Kashmir’s potential to become part of global tourism circuit cannot be missed by India’s friends and foes alike. Terror, islamist jihad and across the border meddling by non-constitutional actors is virtually a thing of the past as Jammu & Kashmir picked up pieces and moved on. Perceptible change that has dawned on Kashmir following the exodus of over 150,000 Hindus in 1990 is something to write home about. India’s decision to G-20 in Kashmir is part of its larger strategy to fully leverage its Presidency of the most influential global group this year and pep up the valley’s local economy and cater to upwardly mobile aspirations of the youth that have firmly said ‘no’ to violence, mindless killings in the name of jihad. The 200-odd meetings under India’s G-20 presidency have been spread to over 50 cities from Humpi in Karnataka to Siliguri in Assam moving away from the usual Delhi and Mumbai based engagements. Normally, cities spotlighted globally become big tourist destinations globally and that’s perhaps the idea in taking G-20 tourism summit to Kashmir. Let us not forget that Reykjavík, the capital city of Iceland turned into a global tourist hotspot after the US President Ronald Regan and General Secretary of Communist Party of Soviet Union Michael Gorbachev held their summit level talks in run up to nuclear power treaty between the two countries way back in October1986. Similarly Marrakesh, the western city of Morocco emerged as topline city for holidaying and tourism after it gave birth to the World Trade Organisation in 1994. Bringing new cities, locales and areas to global attention has not limited to leaders elsewhere. Historic summit level talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jingping held in Ahmedabad after landslide victory of the Indian leader in 2014 has etched in the memory of global tourism circuit. In fact, as reports suggest, this gave idea to President Xi to host Modi in Chinese province of Shaanxi. Shaanxi also being the birthplace of President Xi’s father emerged as a regular tourist destination for both domestic and international travellers. From being friction point between India and Pakistan since 1947, Kashmir has moved on unrest and violence. India’s significant focus to restore peace and stability, political changes in 2019 has begun pay off dividends in the form of development, attracting investments, and enhancing tourism opportunities. On August 5, 2019, Union Home Minister Amit Shah piloted a proposal in Parliament to end Jammu and Kashmir’s special status and this also led to bifurcation of the state into two Union Territories. The amendment in Article 370 of Indian Constitution also turned out to be the turning point for positive changes and integration that paved the way for prosperous future, including economy, infrastructure, governance, and social welfare. Massive makeover of road networks, bridges, tunnels, and power infrastructure and enhanced connectivity with rest of the country is just one part in Kashmir returning to normalcy. Completion of the Zojila tunnel, the Ujh multipurpose Project and the engineering marvel Chenab rail bridge — the world’s highest railway bridge — are among major infrastructure projects that provided heft to transportation as well as unlock the region’s immense economic potential. Revival of grassroots democratic institutions, such as Block Development Councils leading to delegation of governance enabled people to have direct say in their affairs. This decentralization of power fostered inclusivity, accountability, and efficient utilization of resources, ensuring that development reached every corner of Jammu and Kashmir. While showcasing the development thrust, India may also go overboard to sell Kashmir as cradle of peace ready to host the international travelers seeking to find an alternative to Swiss Alps. Hosting G-20 meetings in Kashmir is also a tight slap on anti- India propagandists, jihadists and their handlers globally. G-20 tourism summit should be seen as just a beginning in transformation of the Kashmir valley.

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