Geopolitics Hindus Leadership Opinion Policy Security

Bumpy ride for Republican Nepal

Political parties, old and new, will have to measure up to expectations of Nepalese people for socio-economic development, prosperity Navita Srikant General Elections of November 2022 in Nepal saw emergence of alternate political parties besides the mainstream traditional players. Traditional democratic forces and communist ideologies were challenged by young and professional voices who advocated change. Terai Leaders continued their journey in fragments. The Elections also witnessed calls for return to Hindu Nation and Constitutional Monarchy as against the present multi-party system. “Raja aau Desh Bachau” (Oh King! Please come to save the country) was popular with youngsters. It has been eighteen months since 2022 elections and political uncertainty as well as chaos has become the new normal. If there be one line to sum up the mood amongst citizenry, it would be the desire to seek change from prevailing status quo. Youth continue to be a frustrated lot given that the education is redundant and does not land them in jobs. Women struggle to make their voice heard and be represented in decision making within a regimental patriarchal society while businesses struggle to deal with liquidity crunch. They see little hope even in clearing public borrowings made during global pandemic Covid19. Entrepreneurship across Nepal is on the deathbed as there’s no supportive ecosystem. Amidst this social and economic unrest in Nepalese society, one had hoped for political stability to address these lingering issues. But, the mainstream parties as well as new political formations could barely sustain the momentum of growth and development. Instead, they got pre-occupied with power sharing permutations and combinations. In the meanwhile, forex reserves swelled only due to increased remittances. But, increasing conflict and war situations around the world exposed vulnerability of remittances-based economies like Nepal and amplified the need for more stable policy frameworks. On domestic front, Nepal was hit by high profile policy related corruption that seriously dented the image of political parties. Bhutanese Fake Refugee Scam of transnational nature incriminated high ranking politicians, former ministers and bureaucrats. Policy linked corruption in cases as Giri Bandhu Tea Estate, Lalita Niwas Land scam and Cooperative sector irregularities are classic cases of amending rules, regulations to enable non-state actors from taking advantage to benefit chosen private entities at the cost of the Exchequer. Similarly, Maoist Cantonment scam is another case to use state coffers to pay the parties’ supporters. It wouldn’t be an exaggeration to state that the strongest and only nation state in South Asia that was never colonized is being plundered and looted by its own political leadership and more so under the new three-tier federal system. In the recently released, sixty first annual report of the Office of Auditor General of Nepal, it is stated that 171 local level units under Local Government have spent Nepali Rs 9.15 crores in salaries for appointment of personal secretaries and advisors for which there is no provision in provincial laws. Additionally, the report pointed out irregularities in procurement and implementation in projects managed by Nepali Police and Security Forces. Nepali Army’s name was embroiled in cases of procurement irregularities in Kathmandu Terai Fast Track Project (KTFT Project). In a recent case, there was an uproar in arrest of Kailash Sirohiya, the chairman of Kantipur Media Group (KMG) over his citizenship credentials. In brief, the citizenship number allotted to Sirohiya was previously set aside to one Shivaji Sahu Teli. Sirohiya had obtained citizenship by descent in 1979 and renewed his citizenship card in 2000. The confusion with citizenship numbers and two persons being allotted the same number appears to be an issue of institutional capacity at local administrative units. What was surprising that local authorities jumped the gun and arrived at his offices to arrest in broad daylight instead of serving show cause notice to Sirohiya for explanation and in parallel conducting their own review of files and archives? KMG is one of the leading Media Groups in Nepal. Recent news stories in KMG on irregularities and unlawful gains reportedly made through four cooperatives by Rabi Lamichhane, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs may have served as immediate provocation to question Sirohiya’s citizenship. Developments leading to arrest and thereafter national uproar, calls for solidarity with KMG’s Sirohiya and demands to end pressure tactics to prevent free press and freedom of expression hogged headlines. Leading opposition party, Nepali Congress including some of the leaders of the existing coalition condemned use of undue force and pressure by the Government for what seemed like a procedural inquiry and could have followed its due course without having to flex muscle. Coalition Government leaders remained mum to save the government from a free fall. Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ recently stood for his fourth ‘Vote of Confidence’ in just18 months, three times by swapping coalition partners and once due to break-up in Janata Socialist Party (JSP), the coalition partner in the third time government. Rather than rainbow colours of sectoral development, growth plans and progress, Nepal’s canvas on domestic affairs reflect predominance in dark colors of coalition politics, corruption and vendetta politics, financial irregularities surpassing past numbers due to three-tier political administrative structure. Investment Board of Nepal put in huge efforts to organise a high-level Nepal Investment Summit with over 800 foreign delegates and 2500 domestic leaders. The summit rightly created positive buzz and provided a platform for networking and collaborations. Summit participants were rather unanimous that ‘Emerging Nepal’ is ready for foreign investment. But, one silently noticed that a shiver went down the halls of the Summit in desperate search for domestic political leadership with spine. It is now imperative that the shiver doesn’t end looking for a foreign spine with attractive offers and hidden caveats in between the lines that can end up ruining the economy. Nepal is still sitting with exposure of Chinese defunct aircrafts (which were rejected by Bangladesh but bought by Nepal) and Pokhara Airport Loan. While Chinese leadership stated Pokhara Airport to be part of BRI Project, then Nepali Government clearly stated that

Leadership Policy Security

537

Bharat’s Security Prowess Unsettles West-Centric Global Security Dynamics

Unsubstantiated allegations and politicised narratives not only strain diplomatic ties but also detract from the collaborative efforts needed to combat global terrorism effectively. Rahul PAWA / @imrahulpawa Over the past year, Bharat has found itself at the epicentre of Western allegations, coupled with old friend camaraderie with Pakistani generals accusing Indian officials of undermining the sovereignties of nations by purportedly engaging in the termination of terrorists in Canada, the United States, and Pakistan. This intimidating interest in alleged Indian clandestine security operations, raises pivotal questions about the underlying motives and the broader global dynamics at play. Concurrently, it signals Bharat’s ascendance in the realm of global security as a revitalised and influential force, unsettling the traditional West-centric world order. In an era where the global threat landscape is increasingly complex, global and interconnected, Bharat’s extraordinary criminal justice measures to neutralize terrorists over the past decade—such as the 29 September 2016 surgical strike on terrorist launchpads across the Line of Control in Pakistan Occupied Indian territory of Jammu Kashmir, and the 2019 airstrike on the Jaish-e-Mohammed training camp in Balakot, Pakistan—are particularly significant. Under the leadership of Indian Prime Minister Modi, these operations had shed the ‘outdated and reluctant’ image of Indian security agencies of the past, showcasing new Bharat’s capability and resolve. The operations were conducted with a notable degree of professionalism, responsibility and transparency, as the Indian PM informed Pakistani counterparts prior to disclosing them to the world. These actions not only announced Bharat’s arrival as a formidable security force, but also challenged the traditional West-centric world order. Recent Western allegations, devoid of substantive evidence as seen in opinion heavy reporting of ‘The Guardian’ claiming Bharat’s role in tens of terrorist terminations in Pakistan, a covert unseen Five Eyes network intelligence report regarding the killing of Canadian terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar and subsequent local vote-bank influence as evidenced in Canada, along with the case involving alleged attempted assassination of Gurpatwant Singh Pannun, the US-based face of the proscribed terrorist entity SFJ, appear to be part of a broader strategy aimed at exerting collective pressure and undermining Bharat’s assertive stance against terrorism. Bharat which has long been a victim of cross-border terrorism orchestrated by Pakistan and its extensive global terror network, which includes Canadian and American terrorists. Canadian terrorists like Talwinder Singh Parmar of Babbar Khalsa masterminded the 1985 bombing of Air India Flight 182, claiming 329 innocent lives. Similarly, American terrorists like David Coleman Headley and his Canadian accomplice Tahawwur Rana played pivotal roles in the dastardly 2008 Mumbai attacks by Lashkar-e-Taiba, resulting in 175 deaths and over 300 injuries. More recent attacks, such as the 2016 Uri assault by Pakistan-backed Jaish-e-Mohammed, which killed 19 Indian soldiers and injured 30, and the 2019 Pulwama suicide bombing by Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba, which took the lives of over 40 Indian police personnel, underscore the persistent threat Bharat faces. In this context, Bharat’s measures acknowledged criminal justice measures like listed above to protect itself are not only moral and lawful but also a national security imperative. However, the coordinated western and Pakistani allegations involving unravellings like Nijjar’s assassination in Canada, an attempted assassination of Pannun, and tens of terrorist assassinations in Pakistan appear more fixed at challenging the newfound capabilities of Bharat’s security apparatus under Prime Minister Modi. This stance appears discordant with traditional security superpowers that often perceive national security as their exclusive domain. Most importantly, Bharat’s strategic partnerships with various nations, including those in the West, are built on mutual respect and shared interests. These alliances are grounded in a mutual commitment to promoting global stability, economic development, and security. However, for these relationships to thrive and be truly effective, they must be free from unwarranted accusations and intimidation that can undermine trust and cooperation. Unsubstantiated allegations and politicised narratives not only strain diplomatic ties but also detract from the collaborative efforts needed to combat terrorism effectively. By fostering an environment of mutual trust and respect, Western nations and Bharat can work together to dismantle terrorist networks, prevent radicalisation, and enhance global security. In conclusion, it is imperative that Western nations avoid actions that could be perceived as coercive or dismissive of Bharat’s security concerns. Instead, they should prioritize engagement that is based on equality, respect, and a shared commitment to eradicating terrorism. By doing so, they not only reinforce their alliances with Bharat but also bolster the collective ability to address and overcome the multifaceted challenges posed by terrorism in the 21st century. It is time for the international community to support Bharat’s efforts to create a secure and stable world, acknowledging that a strong and secure Bharat is beneficial for global peace and prosperity. (Author is Director – Research at New Delhi based think tank, Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies)

Election Media

564

Brief: Foreign Media, Political Players in Bharat’s Elections

Bharat, a country with 1.4 billion population and over 968.8 million registered voters, is in the midst of largest democratic exercise of franchise in seven phases over two months ending on June 4. In the midst of election fury, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited Bellari, the mining town in the country’s southern state of Karnataka a few days back. Prime Modi made a significant statement relating to foreign propaganda in the elections to Bharat’s Parliament with upper and lower houses. A few were surprised when Modi said, “when the country is progressing rapidly, some countries and some institutions do not like it. There are many people who do not want a strong Bharat. They want the country and its government to be weak so that they can easily make profits. Since 2014, a campaign for cleanliness has been going on in the country’s power corridors. Bharat will progress as a developed nation.” Progressing to become a developed nation is logical extension of high growth trajectory in which Bharat is currently cruising. But, what stands out is Indian Prime Minister’s assertion about the country’s foes that may like to disrupt this organic progression by influencing the electoral process. In a nuanced speech, Prime Minister Modi talked about foreign powers’ false propaganda, interference and attempts at intervention in Bharat’s elections to see a weak and pliable government at helm in New Delhi. (Author Rohan Giri is a journalism graduate from Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) New Delhi, and a Content Manager at CIHS.)

Disinformation Hindus Misinformation Security World

601

Canada Unsafe for Indians & Hindus

Recent years have posed significant challenges to Canada’s reputation as a safe destination for immigrants, particularly for Indians. Nation’s appeal as a place of opportunity and inclusivity notwithstanding, reports of hate crimes, violence against Indians, Hindus and racial prejudice have increased. This radicalism and governmental biases have mounted concerns regarding safety. (Author Pummy Pandita is head of operations at Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies, a non-partisan think tank based in New Delhi)

Hindus

589

Multifaceted Nationalist & Revolutionary

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar’s ideas on Hindutva that define cultural and civilizational unity defined his struggle for Bharat’s independence Dr Shailendra Kumar Pathak Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, fondly remembered as Veer Savarkar, stands as an iconic figure in Bharat’s struggle for independence from British imperialists. His life, marked by intellectual brilliance, fierce nationalism and unwavering courage, resonates beyond borders of Bharat, inspiring generations around the world. The multifaceted persona of Savarkar is tale of his journey from a young revolutionary to a visionary leader of Bharat’s freedom movement. Born on May 28, 1883, in Bhagur village of present-day Maharashtra, Savarkar was imbued with a spirit of nationalism from an early age. His formative years were shaped by deep sense of pride in Bharat’s cultural heritage and fervent desire to free his motherland from colonial shackles. A brilliant student, Savarkar got his early education at Shivaji Vidyalaya in Nashik, Fergusson College, Pune and later, pursued higher education in England where he got acquainted with revolutionary ideas and plight of colonized people across the globe. Academic excellence notwithstanding, activism led to his expulsion from college. But, without giving up, he persevered, securing funds to pay fines and excel in his examinations. Known for fiery speeches and patriotic ballads, Savarkar’s influence grew, prompting invitations for lectures across Maharashtra. He fostered network of Abhinav Bharat, envisioning collaboration with revolutionaries abroad. His departure to London, facilitated by Shivaji Scholarship, underscored his rising prominence, hailed as a skilled orator at youthful age of twenty-two, leaving profound mark on path to Bharat’s freedom struggle Savarkar’s return to Bharat marked beginning of his involvement in struggle against British rule. His seminal work, “The First War of Indian Independence,” challenged colonial narrative and redefined Bharat’s struggle for freedom as a unified, nationwide movement. As a prolific writer, Savarkar utilized his literary prowess to galvanize support for the cause, inspiring countless Indians to join the fight for independence. Central to Savarkar’s ideology was Hindutva which centred on cultural and civilizational unity of Indian subcontinent. This ideological position defined as Hindu nationalism is different from European view that’s more sectarian and divisive. While his advocacy for Hindu nationalism has been debated intensely, Savarkar’s vision transcended faith boundaries, envisioning an inclusive Bharat where every individual enjoyed equal rights and opportunities. Savarkar’s contributions to Bharat’s independence movement were not confined to the realm of ideas. He actively participated in revolutionary activities, organizing underground networks and mobilized support for armed resistance against British imperialists. His arrest in 1909 following Nasik Conspiracy Case where a British aligned magistrate was neutralised marked beginning of years of incarceration and hardship. Notwithstanding unimaginable torture and suffering that he was subjected to at infamous Cellular Jail in Andaman, Savarkar remained steadfast in his commitment to freedom. After prison release in 1924, Savarkar continued his efforts to advance cause of Indian nationalism. His advocacy for social reforms, educational empowerment and women’s rights underscored his progressive outlook and commitment to building a vibrant and inclusive society. Savarkar’s legacy extends far beyond his role as a freedom fighter. His writings, including “Hindutva: Who Is a Hindu?” and “Six Glorious Epochs of Indian History,” continue to shape public discourse and influence political thought in contemporary Bharat. While his life remains an enigma, there is no denying that he left an indelible mark on pages of history. His visionary foresight illuminated paths yet untrodden, rendering him a figure of multifaceted brilliance. Every facet of his being, every moment of his existence, was devoted unwaveringly to the nation’s service. His intellectual prowess knew no bounds, traversing realms of poetry, biographies, dramas, rational treatises and seminal works on social reform, including the scourge of untouchability and the imperative of purification and reconversion. In his fervent crusade against colonial tyranny, he ignited flames of inspiration by igniting foreign garments, rallying the youth towards fervent patriotism. Establishing connections with revolutionaries worldwide, he brought injustices of British rule to global stage, while fearlessly addressing and rectifying social maladies within Hindu society. Simultaneously, he envisioned and advocated for the transformative role of Hindu organizations in shaping the nation’s political destiny. Savarkar’s legacy transcends time, a beacon of enlightenment and action for generations to come. Social Revolutionary Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, renowned for his advocacy on Hindutva and Hindu Rashtra, also embodied essence of a social revolutionary. Dhananjay Keer, in his biography of Ambedkar, distinguishes a social reformer and a social revolutionary, highlighting that while a reformer rebuilds existing structures, a revolutionary dismantles the old to rebuild anew. Savarkar, far from being merely a reformer, actively engaged as a social revolutionary. Scientific Temperament: Savarkar rejected dominance of religious texts in society, advocating instead for a foundation based on scientific principles. He emphasized necessity of embracing practical and scientific values over blind adherence to religious doctrines. In his essay ‘What is the Real Sanatan Dharma?’ Savarkar challenged the notion of considering religious texts as immutable truths, asserting importance of accepting truth based on empirical evidence rather than tradition. His vision encompassed a nation grounded in scientific rationality, essential for both societal progress and individual well-being. Critic on Caste & Beliefs A vocal critic of caste system, Savarkar denounced notion of caste being determined by birth, contending that one’s occupation, not lineage, should dictate caste classification. He adamantly opposed the idea of caste-based discrimination, condemning it as a hindrance to societal advancement. Savarkar attributed the perpetuation of casteism to the belief in mythological texts, rejecting their validity in shaping social hierarchies. He advocated for the abolition of caste-based discrimination and proposed practical measures to bridge caste disparities, stressing the importance of evaluating individuals based on merit, not lineage. Seven Indigenous Practices: Savarkar vehemently opposed ‘sapta-bedya’ or seven restraints imposed by tradition, advocating for their abolition to foster societal equality. He advocated for equal access to religious texts, freedom in choosing professions, eradication of untouchability, unrestricted foreign travel, religious conversion, freedom in dietary practices, and elimination of caste-based restrictions in marriage. Savarkar recognized these practices as impediments to social progress and called for their elimination to

Fact Sheet Hindus

560

Factsheet: Share of Religious Minorities – A Cross-Country Analysis (1950-2015)

Economic Advisory Council to Indian Prime Minister has conducted an in-depth cross-country analysis on status of minorities worldwide, focusing on population shifts over 65-year time span of 1950 – 2015. This extensive survey, encompassing 167 nations revealed that in 1950, average percentage of majority religious groups was 75 percent. Over ensuing decades, this percentage saw a significant average decrease of 21.9 percent by 2015. (Author: Rohan Giri is a journalism graduate from Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) New Delhi, and Manager Operations at CIHS.)

Disinformation Hindus

520

American Paradox: Campus Protests in U.S. Universities

This unfolding scenario in U.S. campuses, casts a sobering light on the United States, a nation that brands itself as a global proponent of human rights and freedom of expression, underscoring the imperative for the U.S. to embody the principles it espouses, lest its credibility, be called into question. Rahul Pawa Nearly seven months have passed since Operation Al-Aqsa Storm—a military-grade terrorist attack carried out by sunni Islamist terror outfit Hamas and supported by four other Palestinian terrorist groups. This dreaded terrorist attack resulted in tragic deaths of approximately 1,200 Israelis and foreign nationals, and more than 240 people were taken hostage into Gaza from Israel, marking it as Israel’s deadliest day since its founding in 1948. In response to the terrorist attacks, Israel vowed to annihilate Hamas, launching a series of airstrikes and subsequent ground operations inside Gaza. According to the latest reports from the Hamas-controlled health ministry in Gaza, at least 34,596 individuals have been killed in Gaza since then. Fast forward to today, in the aftermath of the attack and Israel’s subsequent response, universities across the United States have become epicentres of heated debate, discord, and violence characterised by anti-Semitic and anti-Israel rhetoric. In the past month alone, escalating contentions at US universities have led to the arrest of over 1500 protesters across 30 U.S. campuses. This unfolding scenario casts a sobering light on the United States, a nation that brands itself as a global proponent of human rights and freedom of expression, underscoring the imperative for the U.S. to embody the principles it espouses, lest its credibility, be called into question. (Author is Director – Research at New Delhi based think tank, Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies)

Hindus

594

Reviving Bharat’s Ancient Heritage: Martand Sun Temple of Jammu and Kashmir

Introduction : Placed amidst the lush landscapes of Jammu Kashmir, Martand Sun Temple[i] stands as a flare of Bharat’s rich cultural heritage and architectural brilliance. Dating back to the 8th century, this ancient temple, originally much larger than other prominent Sun temples like Modhera in Gujarat, Multan in Sindh, and Konark in Orissa, represents a diverse cultural influences and architectural styles. Martand, the Sanskrit word for Surya, the Sun God. The temple is located at an altitude of approximately 5400 feet above sea level and five miles from Anantnag town in the Jammu Kashmir division of the union territory of Jammu and Jammu Kashmir. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of the Martand Sun Temple, exploring its historical significance, architectural features, cultural context, and the ongoing efforts towards its preservation and restoration. Historical Significance: The 1200- years old Martand Sun Temple dedicated to Surya, holds a significant place in Bharat’s architectural and religious history. Constructed under the patronage of Samrat Lalitaditya Muktapida,[ii] the third ruler of the Karkota Dynasty. Situated atop a plateau, the Martand temple offers an expansive vista of the entire Jammu Kashmir Valley. The temple complex spans over 32,000[iii] square feet. Its construction reflects the cultural exchange in ancient Jammu Kashmir, highlighting the region’s rich heritage. The temple’s historical significance is further underscored by its association with Samrat Lalitaditya Muktapida, a revered figure in Jammu Kashmir’s history. Lalitaditya’s contributions to the temple’s construction signify the flourishing of art, culture, and spirituality during his reign. The temple served as a centre of worship and pilgrimage, attracting devotees from far and wide. Architectural Features: The Martand Sun temple is famous for its excellent carvings, the trefoil doors and the elaborate stone columns, which reflect the architectural genius of the ancient Jammu Kashmiri craftsmen. The temple is constructed of Devri stones which may have been transported using elephants. It is believed that elephants were widely used in the region of Jammu Kashmir by the eleventh century. According to several collected works by Kalhana, the layout of the temple includes a central courtyard which houses the main shrine. The main shrine is surrounded by 84 minor temples[iv]. Among the 84 minor temples, 81 temples housed the idols of the Sun God. Three temples had the Shivalingas as well. The total length of the temple is 220 feet and the width is 142 feet. The height of the temple does not exceed 40 feet. The outlined border walls and the pillars around this abode explain the magnificence of the martand sun temple. The central region of the temple is slightly raised. There are distinct wings on each side of the entrance. The outer walls are around 90 yards in length and the front wall is about 56 yards in length. The entire arcade consists of 84 pillars. The number is considered as auspicious by Hindus. The temple is rectangular in shape and made of limestone in the traditional Aryan style. They are 6 to 8 feet in length and are being cemented with grout. The center section of the temple is 36 feet wide and 63 feet long. The sanctuary along with the choir and the nave are 18 sq ft in size[v]. The entrance of the temple is decorated with beautiful carvings of various Hindu Gods and goddesses. It looks as if every element has been carefully arranged and proportioned to create harmony and unity. The vimana, or main shrine, is around 60 feet high and is adorned with many intricately carved and sculpted carvings and statues. The outer walls of the temple are adorned with more than 400 columns which support an intricate roof structure. The strategic orientation of the temple ensures that the Sun’s rays light up the central shrine during the daytime. This architectural innovation highlights the temple’s symbolic significance as a homage to the Sun God Surya and the heavenly order. Cultural Context: The Martand Sun Temple holds immense cultural significance, serving as a site of religious worship, pilgrimage, and artistic expression. It reflects the amalgamated traditions of Jammu Kashmir, where diverse cultural influences combine to create a unique architectural heritage. The temple’s enduring legacy resonates with the spiritual and cultural ethos of the region, transcending chronological boundaries. Despite facing attempts of destruction, notably under the orders of Sikandar Butshikan [vi]to the turmoil of Jammu Kashmir’s terrorism in 1988, the temple’s traces stand as a testament to Jammu Kashmir’s resilience and cultural heritage. The temple complex continues to inspire surprise and appreciation, drawing visitors from across the globe to witness its historical significance. Preservation and Restoration Efforts: In recent years, there has been a rigorous effort to preserve and restore the glory of the Martand Sun Temple, recognising its importance as a cultural and historical landmark. The government of the Union Territory of Jammu and Jammu Kashmir[vii], in collaboration with heritage conservation organizations, has initiated various measures to safeguard the temple complex and ensure its long-term preservation. Alongside this monumental endeavour, a statue honouring Samrat Lalitaditya Muktapida, who oversaw the temple’s construction, is set to grace the premises. These efforts include documentation, structural stabilisation, and conservation of the temple’s architectural elements. Additionally, plans are underway to enhance visitor amenities and promote tourism, thereby nurturing greater appreciation for Jammu Kashmir’s cultural heritage. Conclusion: The Martand Sun Temple is a symbol of Bharat’s rich heritage and architectural excellence, symbolising the spiritual and artistic ambitions of ancient Jammu Kashmir. Established in the eighth century, this architectural wonder is a combination of different cultural influences and styles, representing the diverse tradition of the region. The elaborate carvings of the temple, the trefoil doors, and the elaborate stone pillars all reflect the skill and craftsmanship of the ancient Jammu Kashmiri craftsmen. The temple’s strategic orientation, designed to catch the Sun’s rays, emphasises its symbolic importance as a homage to the Sun God Surya and the cosmic order, even though it has faced many challenges and attempts to destroy it, especially under the orders of Sikandar Butshikan. Government of

Uncategorized

604

BBC Revamps, ‘Collective Newsroom’ Takes Off In Bharat

Former BBC professionals float Indian media firm, run BBC six languages news operations along with Youtube channel Rupa Jha A few colleagues and I working with the BBC in India decided to start our own venture, ��Collective Newsroom’, an independent media company. But, it was not the most obvious and easy choice. It came out of a very real and difficult situation that our employer BBC in India faced. Foreign Direct Investments in India will have to be capped at 26 per cent for digital news outfits. So far, over 99 percent of BBC India shares were owned by UK-based British Broadcasting Corporation. This meant that the BBC could not operate the way it has for so many years in India. It meant hundreds of employees in India could lose jobs and space to do independent and credible journalism. The thought itself was very demoralising. Why should I quit journalism or leave my country to do journalism. At end of the day, we wanted two things – continue to do trustworthy journalism and be in India. It became evident that this needed a very out of box thinking, courage and sense of entrepreneurship. Four of us decided to quit The BBC and launch Collective Newsroom. We got five others as shareholders. As a fully owned independent Indians owned media company, Collective newsroom secured BBC as its first client. It was a historic moment for us all and we embarked on this new venture with a clear vision to be home to India’s most credible, creative and courageous journalism. The journey to our launch that happened on April 10 this year has not been without challenges. While we had to seek answers to previously unasked questions, work imaginatively and innovatively, I am proud that working collaboratively and closely with all those journalists working in different language in India; we have reached this milestone. The level of commitment, dedication and aspiration that the staff members have shown in recent months is evident. Starting April 10, 2024, Collective Newsroom is the sole producer and publisher for BBC content in six Indian languages – Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Gujarati, Punjabi and Marathi. We also run BBC Youtube channel in English for Indian audiences. It’s historic for the BBC to give a third-party license to operate its platforms. Therefore, I call this as a project in trust and innovation. On personal front, it’s a huge learning curve for me. Being chief executive officer of Collective Newsroom, I’m certainly in a space which is very new, different and male dominated but what could be more exciting than breaking the glass ceiling!! The fear of unknown stops us from taking an uncharted route. Is this scary? Of course it is!! But with my team, I feel everything is possible. Do I fear? Yes, I do, but I will also overcome it. The Courage is resistance to fear and faith is a fundamental part of life and I lean on the faith that together with my team, we shall overcome. I believe we have the skills and expertise to make Collective Newsroom a standout success in the market. As we say in our mission, we will lead with facts and bring audiences diverse voices through innovative and impactful journalism in public interest. It’s a formidable offer. In a world inundated with breaking news updates, sensational and misleading headlines, Collective Newsroom is committed to authenticity, depth and empathy in storytelling. Collective Newsroom is committed to a digital-first strategy for modern newsrooms, producing superior quality stories spanning a myriad of platforms and formats, ensuring our reach are as diverse as communities that we serve. What sets us apart is our unwavering focus on going beyond the headlines. We delve deep into the heart of stories, bringing in-depth ground reports and human narratives brimming with empathy and clearly marked by fairness and impartiality. Our skilled, experienced and brave reporters go where many dare not—within India and around the world—all in pursuit of facts from the ground. Our fearless approach to storytelling ensures that we amplify voices of those often overlooked, putting humans at the centre of every narrative. Our explainers and analysis make sense of the intricate tapestry of local, national and international events and offer valued reach for a meaningful growth trajectory. We use cutting-edge technology and innovate with media to produce unique stories you are not likely to see elsewhere. The accolades we’ve garnered, national and international serve as a testament to our unwavering dedication to excellence. Yet, more than any shiny trophy, it is trust of the audience that remains our greatest honour. This trust is reflected in the fact that our client, BBC has its largest international audience in India. Such recognition is testament to our shared commitment to truth, integrity, and the power of storytelling. (Author is chief executive officer, Collective Newsroom, BBC News Indian languages)

Hindus

743

Adi Shankaracharya, Hindu Philosophical Icon

The sage is tallest in Hindu thought and way of life. He propounded Advaita as a unifier through debate, conciliation, logic and reasoning! Dr Aniruddh Subhedar Each person leaves some positive or negative impact on his or her surroundings and people. In some cases, it’s negligible and a few individuals are giants that leave their imprint not only on the immediate neighbourhood but that transcends centuries and geographies. Adi Shankaracharya’s persona extends beyond being a scholar and teacher of Vedic philosophy. His impact on shaping modern Hindu thought could never be overstated. He died young at 32 and but left an undying intellectual and philosophical legacy behind. Adi Shankaracharya’s time period is uncertain as some ascribe him to the 8th century CE while others argue that he was here before CE. His influence on Hindu philosophy can be gauged by his work that speaks for itself. Adi Shankara’s philosophical influence: Most iconic and unique representation of Hindu thought today is the concept reflected in Aham Brahmasmi (I am the Brahman) or Shivoham (I am Shiva). The idea that the Supreme Being / God and Jivatama, humans are not two different entities were put forth by the iconic sage philosopher. Jivatma is just a reflection of that immortal Supreme Being. It’s the ignorance which makes Jivatma not see this reality. This philosophy of Advaita Vedanta (non-duality) is one of the most revolutionary contributions of ancient Indian spiritual thought and Adi Shankaracharya was its most influential and outstanding proponents in Bharat’s spiritual journey over millennia. Vedanta is one of the six traditional schools of thought in Vedic Hinduism which can be traced to its most foundational scriptures. But, Adi Shankaracharya has been historically seen as one of the most articulate and influential teachers. The idea of “Brahma Satya Jagat Mithya” (This world is an illusion, only the Brahman / Supreme Being is the reality) is unique to Indian philosophy and it sets a person on the path to self-realization. Adi Shankaracharya preached that every mortal being is part of that immortal Supreme Being. It’s the illusion which hinders one from seeing this reality. Advaita allows a person to reach spiritual heights. This concept of self-realization is what Hindu philosophy is known for. Though, in modern times Swami Vivekananda popularized Advaita world over, Adi Shankaracharya is easily recognized as its most revered teacher. Panchayatan system of worship: Adi Shankaracharya is not known for just idealistic philosophical musings. Au contraire, he was a synthesizer of philosophy and practical knowledge. Though there are prominent orthodox schools of thought, today Hindu philosophy is majorly identified with Advaita. Similarly, in practice, Hindusim is identified with worship of many deities and related rituals. It was Adi Shankaracharya who brought order to daily worship through Panchayatan. Adi Shankaracharya preached that many diverse forms of gods are basically variations of five basic deities (who ultimately are manifestations of the Supreme Being only). The five deities being Ganesh, Adi Shakti Goddess, Shiva, Vishnu, Surya (sometimes deities defer depending on the worshiper’s ishta devata). As such, he harmonised various strands of Hinduism. Another significant facet of a devout Hindu way of life today is “Bhakti” or devotion which is different from rituals and philosophy. It is simply devoting oneself to the worship of one’s ishta devata. If Adi Shankaracharya has written commentaries on Upanishads, the pinnacle of Hindu philosophy and abstract thoughts, we also see him propounding some of the most touching works on Bhakti. In his immortal “Bhaj Govindam” one of the most formidable philosophers of India writes “सम्प्राप्ते सन्निहिते काले नहि नहि रक्षति डुकृञ् करणे “, when the time of death come, rules of grammar (i.e. intellectual and philosophical discourse) won’t save you; worship the Govind, you foolish mind. In his “Bhavani Ashtakam”, Adi Shankara leaves most profound Bhakti saints behind in devotion when he says: न जानामि दानं न च ध्यानयोगं, न जानामि तन्त्रं न च स्तोत्रमन्त्रम् । न जानामि पूजां न च न्यासयोगं गतिस्त्वं गतिस्त्वं त्वमेका भवानि ।। (Neither do I know meditation nor Tantra, hymns, prayers, rituals, etc. You are my only refuge Oh Mother Bhavani!) Thus, in Adi Shankaracharya we find this rare combination of Gyan (Knowledge), Karmakand (Rituals) and Bhakti (pure devotion); three pillars of Hindu way of life. Living Legacy: Mathas & Ascetics Adi Shankaracharya is not only confined to books and writings but his legacy is visible in more tangible forms too. Most remarkable is the four Mathas (monasteries) he set up in far flung places like Badarinath, Dwarka, Jagannath Puri and Shringeri; thus covering all four corners of Bharat. He appointed Shankaracharyas in these Mathas as his successors. Till today, we find Shankaracharyas being appointed through a line of succession (That is why the name “Adi” Shankaracharya, as he was the initial Shankaracharya who established this system). It’s an established fact that Hinduism doesn’t have unitary form of saithood with one single head or priest, à la Pope. The institution of Shankaracharyas is what could be nearest to it. Hindus have sects like Shaivas, Shaktas, etc. but, majority Hindus are practicing Smartas (whether they know this term or not is immaterial) and for Smartas, Shankaracharyas are highest, most elevated and devout heads. Historically we find that they have been highly revered by Hindu States like Vijaynagar and the formidable Maratha Empires. When in a military raid, rogue elements following Maratha army looted Shringeri Matha, Peshwa was left aghast pleading Shringeri Shankaracharya for forgiveness and propitiating him by returning all the money, as it was considered ‘”Swami’s” (Lord’s) displeasure does not augur well for the empire. The institution of Shankaracharyas has survived most tumultuous times for Hindus through the era of Sultanates, Mughals and British imperial invaders. It still serves as a beacon of light and guidance. Pan-India appeal and influence of Adi Shankaracharya can be gauged by orders of Sanyasis (ascetics), most importantly the Dashnami Sect. It was Adi Shankara who either founded these sects or formulized the norms under which they function even today. The names taken by Sanyasis like

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