CIHS – Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies

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Vande Mataram to Trigger ‘Swa’!

Vande Mataram to Trigger ‘Swa’!

From home grown tech, goods, services to Bharat’s way of resolving her problems would celebrate the spirit of ‘Swa’ to’swadeshi’! K.A.Badarinath The national song ‘Vande Mataram’ that caught the imagination of all freedom fighters for united Bharat against British occupation seeking ‘swaraj’ a la self-rule has turned 150. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay penned the verses in 1875 and this became the swan song for complete freedom and rejection of foreign rule, goods and services. This very song can serve as inspiration for a united, developed country of 1.5 billion people overcoming both internal and external challenges. And, rightly, central executive council of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) that held three-day conclave in Jabalpur earlier this week announced one-year long campaign to celebrate and revive the spirit of ‘Vande Mataram’. It was first voiced at the Congress session in 1896 by none other than Bharat Ratna Rabindranath Tagore. And, the delegates at Congress session were swayed by this national song. It also turned the ‘mantra’ against British and sung by icons like Maharashi Arbindo, Madame Bhikaji Cama, renowned poets like Subramanya Bharati, Lala Hardayal and Lala Lajpat Rai apart from reformers like Dayananda Saraswati. Mahatma Gandhi had deftly used ‘Vande Maataram’ to greet people even in his letters to fellow compatriots and freedom fighters. When ‘Vande Mataram’ turned 100, ironically, the Congress-led government restricted its singing in 1975 after then Prime Minister Smt Indira Gandhi imposed internal emergency, trampled upon citizens’ fundamental and democratic rights. Most democratic institutions including both houses of parliament were dissolved and began two-year near lunatic undemocratic rule to stay in power. Hence, the entire Sangh parivar that bore the brunt of a criminal rule in New Delhi, seems to have decided to ring in the spirit of ‘Vande Mataram’ after 50-years. The national song treated on par with national anthem is sought to reunite the entire country’s citizenry against divisive forces seeking to weaken the fundamentals of the society on lines of caste, creed, sex, region, religion and faith. ‘Vande Mataram’ has the big potential to rekindle the spirit of ‘Swa’ (selfhood) and ‘Bharatiyata’ (Indian-ness) against forces of disruption having linkages with foreign powers. From villages, counties, communities to the entire nation, Vande Mataram could inject the sense of belonging for Bharat, resurrect its civilizational ethos, celebrate its diversity and unite to become a developed country laying a firm path for other nations to move along as well. RSS Sarkaryavah Dattatreya Hosabale has emphasised on reviving the spirit of ‘swa’ as the basis for national renaissance, development and bringing about inclusive prosperity in Bharat setting aside differences within some sections. ‘Swa’ includes reliance on domestic resources, talent, ideas, innovations and technology that could define Indian-ness. For instance Sridhar Vembu’s arattai can be our basic communication medium as against Whatsapp. For instance, building our own Kaveri engine that can power passenger and fighter aircraft should be our priority as against building Russia’s SJ-100 aircraft. As Dattatreya Hosabale said, ‘Swa’ or ‘Swadeshi’ should not translate into complete ‘isolation’ from Bharat’s perspective. It only means that heavy dependencw on domestic resources, desi talent, home grown technologies, innovations and human mind. From aerospace engineering, defence production to information technology, self-reliance should become the key word in spirit, content or processes. Puritan ‘Swadeshi’ way coupled with multiple global partnerships would bring about resilience to Bharat’s campaign for her socio-economic renaissance. One is reminded of Russia buckling under US pressure to deny Bharat the cryogenic engines technology to power her rockets and missiles. Russian space agency Glavcosmos revised its 1994 pact with Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to deny the cryogenic engines technology and limited to supply nine engines. And, ISRO scientists outflanked the global space powers to rise from ashes and dominate the space sector. Big positive in this campaign is also Narendra Modi led government’s move to join the parivar campaign on ‘Vande Mataram’. If the recent Home Ministry memorandum is any indication, Prime Minister Modi will lead the nation to rekindle the spirit of ‘Vande Mataram’ way on Friday, November 7 that’s Akshay Navami. Last month itself, Union Cabinet had through a resolution decided to celebrate ‘Vande Mataram’ till November 7 next year. This campaign would become more purposeful if the governance at every level adapts ‘swadeshi’ as the ‘mantra’ Overtaking Japan or Germany, competing for the top of the stack position vis-à-vis China and US on economic front is a doable project if the spirit of ‘swa’ in every sector was applied. From governance reforms to celebrating diverse languages of Bharat’s people, governments, political formations and leadership will play a significant role. (Author is Director & Chief Executive of New Delhi based non-partisan think tank, Centre for Integrated and Holistic Studies)

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Indian Independence Act: A legislation that unleashed human tragedy of epic proportions

Arun Anand The Indian Independence Act was passed in 1947 in British Parliament on July 5 and it got the royal assent on July 18 thus paving the way for partition of India into two independent and sovereign nations- India and Pakistan. This division was result of what is known in common parleys as the ‘Mountbatten Plan.’ According to the British Parliamentary archives1, “The act created two new independent dominions; India and Pakistan. Pakistan was split into Pakistan and East Pakistan which is now Bangladesh. The Bengal and Punjab provinces were partitioned between the two new countries. These dominions separated the Muslim, Hindu and Sikh population and caused the biggest forced migration which has ever happened that was not the result of war or famine.”  The Act repealed the use of ‘Emperor of India’ as a title for the British Crown. It also ended all existing treaties with the princely states. However, Lord Mountbatten continued as Governor-General of India while Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed India’s first Prime Minister. Meanwhile Muhammad Ali Jinnah became Pakistan’s Governor-General and Liaquat Ali Khan its Prime Minster.  The Indian Independence Act was subsequently repealed through Article 395 of the Constitution of India that was implemented on 26 January 1950. Pakistan repealed this Act through Article 221 of its Constitution in 1956, both constitutions being intended to bring about greater independence for the new states. Some of the key takeaways from the India Independence Act, 1947 were2– -It declared India an independent and sovereign state on August 15, 1947, ending British authority in India. -It called for the partition of India and the establishment of two sovereign, Indian and Pakistani dominions, each with the right to withdraw from the British Commonwealth. -It abolished the viceroyalty and established a governor-general for each dominion, who was to be nominated by the British King on the recommendation of the dominion government. His Majesty’s Government in the United Kingdom was not to be held responsible for the governments of India or Pakistan. -It gave the two dominions’ Constituent Assemblies the right to draft and approve any constitution for their separate countries, as well as annul any British Parliament legislation, including the Independence Act itself. -It gave both dominions’ Constituent Assemblies the right to legislate for their separate regions until new constitutions were created and implemented. After August 15, 1947, no Act of the British Parliament could be extended to either of the two dominions unless it was preceded by a statute of the dominion’s legislature. -The secretary of state for India was disbanded, and his responsibilities were moved to the secretary of state for Commonwealth Affairs. -From August 15, 1947, it declared the end of British supremacy over Indian princely kingdoms and treaty agreements with tribal lands. -It gave Indian princely states the option of joining the Dominion of India or the Dominion of Pakistan, or remaining independent. -The Government of India Act of 1935 was used to rule each of the dominions and provinces until the new Constitutions were drafted. The dominions, on the other hand, were given the authority to amend the Act. -It took away the British Monarch’s ability to reject measures or request that specific bills be reserved for his approval. This power, however, was reserved for the Governor-General. In the name of His Majesty, the Governor-General would have complete authority to consent to any measure. -It named the Governor-General of India and the provincial governors as the states’ constitutional (nominal) leaders. In all things, they were required to follow the advice of their individual councils of ministers. -It removed the title of Emperor of India from the king of England’s regal titles. -It stopped the secretary of state for India from appointing civil servants and reserving jobs. Civil servants who were hired before August 15, 1947, would continue to receive any perks that they were entitled to up to that period. Partition of India Indian Independence ACT, 1947 unleashed one of the biggest human tragedies in the history of mankind caused due to partition. The Partition of India was one of the most defining events in the history of the Indian subcontinent. With no accurate accounts of how many died or lost their homes, estimates suggest that perhaps up to 20 million people were affected by the Partition and somewhere between 200,000 – 1 million lost their lives.3 Organisations like Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS) played an important role in saving lives of millions of Hindus and Sikhs. The volunteers of the RSS, a socio-cultural organisation also played an important role in relief and rehabilitation efforts in various cities of India where the refugees from Pakistan were trying to settle down to begin their new lives. Though the RSS was a relatively young organisation at the time as it was only set up in 1925, it played a stellar role in bringing millions of Hindus and Sikhs safely to India as there was a communal carnage targeting them in the geographical regions which were supposed to go to Pakistan. Recalling the role of the RSS’ swayamsevaks during Partition, Professor A.N. Bali, in his book Now It Can Be Told, wrote that the RSS was ever-present in Punjab.  “Who came to the rescue in those difficult times to protect the people, except those young men known as RSS. They arranged for safe passage of women and children in each and every mohalla, in every city of the state,” he wrote. “They arranged for their food, medical help, and clothing and took care in every possible way. They organised fire-fighting teams in different cities and towns. They arranged for lorries and buses to carry the escaping Hindus and Sikhs and posted defence teams in railway trains.” Bali wrote that even Congress leaders took the help of the RSS. “They patrolled relentlessly in different Hindu and Sikh localities. They trained people in self-defence. They were the first ones to reach these terrified people, first to help them and were the last to come to secure places in east Punjab,” he wrote. “I

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